Wednesday, October 6, 2010

இஸ்லாமியர்களை வழிநடத்திய கலீபாக்கள்

கி. பி 632 லிருந்து இஸ்லாமிய சாம்ராஜ்யத்தை ஆண்ட கலீபாக்களின் தவகல் தரப்பட்டுள்ளது .  1924 ஆண்டுக்கு பிறகு நம்மிடையே எந்த கலீபாவும் இல்லாததால் இஸ்லாமிய உலகம் பல தேசங்களாக்கப்பட்டு சீரழிக்கப்படுகிறது. இதை முஸ்லிம்கள் உணர்ந்து ஒன்றுப்பட்டு நம்முடைய கிலாபத்தை உருவாக்க போராட வேண்டும் .


Rashidun ("Righteously Guided") 632 - 661
Accepted by Sunni Muslims as the first four pious and rightly guided rulers.[1][2]
Umayyads of Damascus 661 - 750
[1][3]
Baghdad and Others, 750 - 1266
Abbasids of Baghdad 750 - 1258
[4][5]
(During the latter period of Abbasid rule, Muslim rulers began using other titles, such as Sultan).
Fatimids of Cairo 910 - 1171
(The Fatimids belonged to the Ismaili branch of Shia Islam and hence are not recognized by the majority of Sunnis, whether subjects in their dominions, or from neighboring states).[6][7]
Umayyads (Rahmanid branch) of Córdoba 929 - 1031
(Not universally accepted; actual authority confined to Spain and parts of Morocco)[8][9]
Almohads of Spain and Morocco 1145 - 1266
(Not widely accepted, actual dominions were parts of North Africa and Iberia)[10][11]
Abbasid branch of Cairo 1261 - 1517
(The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial Caliphs under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate)[12][13]
Sultans of the Ottoman Empire 1451 - 1922
Originally the secular, conquering dynasty was just entitled Sultan, soon it started accumulating titles assumed from subjected peoples.[14][15]
From 1908 onwards the Ottoman Sultan was considered the equivalent of a constitutional monarch without executive powers, with parliament consisting of chosen representatives.
Republic of Turkey 1922 - 1924
Abdul Mejid II - 1922 - 1924 (ceremonial Caliph under the patronage of the Republic of Turkey and its President Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha)
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